Many people in Uganda say they "have ulcers" whenever they feel stomach pain. True peptic ulcers are sores in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine. Understanding the real causes helps you get the right treatment.
Common symptoms
- Burning pain in the upper abdomen, often between meals or at night
- Bloating and belching
- Nausea
- Feeling full quickly
Danger signs: seek care immediately
- Vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds
- Black, tarry stool
- Sudden, severe abdominal pain
- Unexplained weight loss
What really causes ulcers?
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection: a very common bacterial cause.
- Painkillers (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, diclofenac and aspirin, especially when used often.
- Smoking and heavy alcohol use make ulcers worse and slow healing.
Stress and spicy food can worsen symptoms but are not usually the root cause.
Diagnosis and treatment
A health worker may test for H. pylori using a stool, breath or blood test, and sometimes recommend an endoscopy. H. pylori is treated with a combination of antibiotics and acid reducing medicines. Complete the full course, even if you feel better.
Foods that help
- Regular, smaller meals
- Fruits and vegetables, including bananas, pawpaw and greens
- Whole grains, beans and lean proteins
- Probiotic foods like yoghurt
Things to limit
Alcohol, smoking, very fatty fried foods, and any food you notice triggers pain.
This article is for general information and does not replace advice from a qualified health worker. If you have symptoms, please see a doctor.
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